Akka.Cluster.Hosting 1.5.19

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Akka.Hosting

This package is now stable.

HOCON-less configuration, application lifecycle management, ActorSystem startup, and actor instantiation for Akka.NET.

See the "Introduction to Akka.Hosting - HOCON-less, "Pit of Success" Akka.NET Runtime and Configuration" video for a walkthrough of the library and how it can save you a tremendous amount of time and trouble.

Table Of Content

• Supported Packages
  • Akka.NET Core Packages
  • Akka Persistence Plugins
  • Akka.HealthCheck
  • Akka.Management Plugins
    • Akka.Management Core Package
    • Akka.Discovery Plugins
    • Akka.Coordination Plugins
• Summary
• Dependency Injection Outside and Inside Akka.NET
  • Registering Actors with the ActorRegistry
  • Injecting Actors with IRequiredActor<TKey>
  • Resolving IRequiredActor<TKey> within Akka.NET
• Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration Integration
  • IConfiguration To HOCON Adapter
• Microsoft.Extensions.Logging Integration
  • Logger Configuration Support
  • Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.ILoggerFactory Logging Support
  • Microsoft.Extensions.Logging Log Event Filtering

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Supported Packages

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Akka.NET Core Packages

• Akka.Hosting - the core Akka.Hosting package, needed for everything
• Akka.Remote.Hosting - enables Akka.Remote configuration. Documentation can be read here
• Akka.Cluster.Hosting - used for Akka.Cluster, Akka.Cluster.Sharding, and Akka.Cluster.Tools. Documentation can be read here
• Akka.Persistence.Hosting - used for adding persistence functionality to perform local database-less testing. Documentation can be read here

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Akka Persistence Plugins

• Akka.Persistence.SqlServer.Hosting - used for Akka.Persistence.SqlServer support. Documentation can be read here
• Akka.Persistence.PostgreSql.Hosting - used for Akka.Persistence.PostgreSql support. Documentation can be read here
• Akka.Persistence.Azure.Hosting - used for Akka.Persistence.Azure support. Documentation can be read here

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Akka.HealthCheck

Embed health check functionality for environments such as Kubernetes, ASP.NET, AWS, Azure, Pivotal Cloud Foundry, and more. Documentation can be read here

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Akka.Management Plugins

Useful tools for managing Akka.NET clusters running inside containerized or cloud based environment. Akka.Hosting is embedded in each of its packages.

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Akka.Management Core Package

• Akka.Management - core module of the management utilities which provides a central HTTP endpoint for Akka management extensions. Documentation can be read here
• Akka.Management.Cluster.Bootstrap - used to bootstrap a cluster formation inside dynamic deployment environments. Documentation can be read here

  NOTE

  As of version 1.0.0, cluster bootstrap came bundled inside the core Akka.Management NuGet package and are part of the default HTTP endpoint for Akka.Management. All Akka.Management.Cluster.Bootstrap NuGet package versions below 1.0.0 should now be considered deprecated.

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Akka.Discovery Plugins

• Akka.Discovery.AwsApi - provides dynamic node discovery service for AWS EC2 environment. Documentation can be read here
• Akka.Discovery.Azure - provides a dynamic node discovery service for Azure PaaS ecosystem. Documentation can be read here
• Akka.Discovery.KubernetesApi - provides a dynamic node discovery service for Kubernetes clusters. Documentation can be read here

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Akka.Coordination Plugins

• Akka.Coordination.KubernetesApi - provides a lease-based distributed lock mechanism backed by Kubernetes CRD for Akka.NET Split Brain Resolver, Akka.Cluster.Sharding, and Akka.Cluster.Singleton. Documentation can be read here
• Akka.Coordination.Azure - provides a lease-based distributed lock mechanism backed by Microsoft Azure Blob Storage for Akka.NET Split Brain Resolver, Akka.Cluster.Sharding, and Akka.Cluster.Singleton. Documentation can be read here

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Summary

We want to make Akka.NET something that can be instantiated more typically per the patterns often used with the Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting APIs that are common throughout .NET.

using Akka.Hosting;
using Akka.Actor;
using Akka.Actor.Dsl;
using Akka.Cluster.Hosting;
using Akka.Remote.Hosting;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

builder.Services.AddAkka("MyActorSystem", configurationBuilder =>
{
    configurationBuilder
        .WithRemoting("localhost", 8110)
        .WithClustering(new ClusterOptions(){ Roles = new[]{ "myRole" },
            SeedNodes = new[]{ Address.Parse("akka.tcp://MyActorSystem@localhost:8110")}})
        .WithActors((system, registry) =>
    {
        var echo = system.ActorOf(act =>
        {
            act.ReceiveAny((o, context) =>
            {
                context.Sender.Tell($"{context.Self} rcv {o}");
            });
        }, "echo");
        registry.TryRegister<Echo>(echo); // register for DI
    });
});

var app = builder.Build();

app.MapGet("/", async (context) =>
{
    var echo = context.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<ActorRegistry>().Get<Echo>();
    var body = await echo.Ask<string>(context.TraceIdentifier, context.RequestAborted).ConfigureAwait(false);
    await context.Response.WriteAsync(body);
});

app.Run();

No HOCON. Automatically runs all Akka.NET application lifecycle best practices behind the scene. Automatically binds the ActorSystem and the ActorRegistry, another new 1.5 feature, to the IServiceCollection so they can be safely consumed via both actors and non-Akka.NET parts of users' .NET applications.

This should be open to extension in other child plugins, such as Akka.Persistence.SqlServer:

builder.Services.AddAkka("MyActorSystem", configurationBuilder =>
{
    configurationBuilder
        .WithRemoting("localhost", 8110)
        .WithClustering(new ClusterOptions()
        {
            Roles = new[] { "myRole" },
            SeedNodes = new[] { Address.Parse("akka.tcp://MyActorSystem@localhost:8110") }
        })
        .WithSqlServerPersistence(builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("sqlServerLocal"))
        .WithShardRegion<UserActionsEntity>("userActions", s => UserActionsEntity.Props(s),
            new UserMessageExtractor(),
            new ShardOptions(){ StateStoreMode = StateStoreMode.DData, Role = "myRole"})
        .WithActors((system, registry) =>
        {
            var userActionsShard = registry.Get<UserActionsEntity>();
            var indexer = system.ActorOf(Props.Create(() => new Indexer(userActionsShard)), "index");
            registry.TryRegister<Index>(indexer); // register for DI
        });
})

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Dependency Injection Outside and Inside Akka.NET

One of the other design goals of Akka.Hosting is to make the dependency injection experience with Akka.NET as seamless as any other .NET technology. We accomplish this through two new APIs:

• The ActorRegistry, a DI container that is designed to be populated with Types for keys and IActorRefs for values, just like the IServiceCollection does for ASP.NET services.
• The IRequiredActor<TKey> - you can place this type the constructor of any dependency injected resource and it will automatically resolve a reference to the actor stored inside the ActorRegistry with TKey. This is how we inject actors into ASP.NET, SignalR, gRPC, and other Akka.NET actors!

N.B. The ActorRegistry and the ActorSystem are automatically registered with the IServiceCollection / IServiceProvider associated with your application.

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Registering Actors with the ActorRegistry

As part of Akka.Hosting, we need to provide a means of making it easy to pass around top-level IActorRefs via dependency injection both within the ActorSystem and outside of it.

The ActorRegistry will fulfill this role through a set of generic, typed methods that make storage and retrieval of long-lived IActorRefs easy and coherent:

• Fetch ActorRegistry from ActorSystem manually

var registry = ActorRegistry.For(myActorSystem); 

• Provided by the actor builder

builder.Services.AddAkka("MyActorSystem", configurationBuilder =>
{
    configurationBuilder
        .WithActors((system, actorRegistry) =>
        {
            var actor = system.ActorOf(Props.Create(() => new MyActor));
            actorRegistry.TryRegister<MyActor>(actor); // register actor for DI
        });
});

• Obtaining the IActorRef manually

var registry = ActorRegistry.For(myActorSystem); 
registry.Get<Index>(); // use in DI

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Injecting Actors with IRequiredActor<TKey>

Suppose we have a class that depends on having a reference to a top-level actor, a router, a ShardRegion, or perhaps a ClusterSingleton (common types of actors that often interface with non-Akka.NET parts of a .NET application):

public sealed class MyConsumer
{
    private readonly IActorRef _actor;

    public MyConsumer(IRequiredActor<MyActorType> actor)
    {
        _actor = actor.ActorRef;
    }

    public async Task<string> Say(string word)
    {
        return await _actor.Ask<string>(word, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
    }
}

The IRequiredActor<MyActorType> will cause the Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection mechanism to resolve MyActorType from the ActorRegistry and inject it into the IRequired<Actor<MyActorType> instance passed into MyConsumer.

The IRequiredActor<TActor> exposes a single property:

public interface IRequiredActor<TActor>
{
    /// <summary>
    /// The underlying actor resolved via <see cref="ActorRegistry"/> using the given <see cref="TActor"/> key.
    /// </summary>
    IActorRef ActorRef { get; }
}

By default, you can automatically resolve any actors registered with the ActorRegistry without having to declare anything special on your IServiceCollection:

using var host = new HostBuilder()
  .ConfigureServices(services =>
  {
      services.AddAkka("MySys", (builder, provider) =>
      {
          builder.WithActors((system, registry) =>
          {
              var actor = system.ActorOf(Props.Create(() => new MyActorType()), "myactor");
              registry.Register<MyActorType>(actor);
          });
      });
      services.AddScoped<MyConsumer>();
  })
  .Build();
  await host.StartAsync();

Adding your actor and your type key into the ActorRegistry is sufficient - no additional DI registration is required to access the IRequiredActor<TActor> for that type.

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Resolving IRequiredActor<TKey> within Akka.NET

Akka.NET does not use dependency injection to start actors by default primarily because actor lifetime is unbounded by default - this means reasoning about the scope of injected dependencies isn't trivial. ASP.NET, by contrast, is trivial: all HTTP requests are request-scoped and all web socket connections are connection-scoped - these are objects have bounded and typically short lifetimes.

Therefore, users have to explicitly signal when they want to use Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection via the IDependencyResolver interface in Akka.DependencyInjection - which is easy to do in most of the Akka.Hosting APIs for starting actors:

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

builder.Services.AddScoped<IReplyGenerator, DefaultReplyGenerator>();
builder.Services.AddAkka("MyActorSystem", configurationBuilder =>
{
    configurationBuilder
        .WithRemoting(hostname: "localhost", port: 8110)
        .WithClustering(new ClusterOptions{SeedNodes = new []{ "akka.tcp://MyActorSystem@localhost:8110", }})
        .WithShardRegion<Echo>(
            typeName: "myRegion",
            entityPropsFactory: (_, _, resolver) =>
            {
                // uses DI to inject `IReplyGenerator` into EchoActor
                return s => resolver.Props<EchoActor>(s);
            },
            extractEntityId: ExtractEntityId,
            extractShardId: ExtractShardId,
            shardOptions: new ShardOptions());
});

The dependencyResolver.Props<MySingletonDiActor>() call will leverage the ActorSystem's built-in IDependencyResolver to instantiate the MySingletonDiActor and inject it with all of the necessary dependencies, including IRequiredActor<TKey>.

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Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration Integration

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IConfiguration To HOCON Adapter

The AddHocon extension method can convert Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration IConfiguration into HOCON Config instance and adds it to the ActorSystem being configured.

• Unlike IConfiguration, all HOCON key names are case sensitive.
• Unless enclosed inside double quotes, all "." (period) in the IConfiguration key will be treated as a HOCON object key separator
• IConfiguration does not support object composition, if you declare the same key multiple times inside multiple configuration providers (JSON/environment variables/etc), only the last one declared will take effect.
• For environment variable configuration provider:
  • "__" (double underline) will be converted to "." (period).
  • "_" (single underline) will be converted to "-" (dash).
  • If all keys are composed of integer parseable keys, the whole object is treated as an array

Example:

appsettings.json:

{
  "Logging": {
    "LogLevel": {
      "Default": "Information",
      "Microsoft.AspNetCore": "Warning"
    }
  },
  "AllowedHosts": "*",
  "akka": {
    "cluster": {
      "roles": [ "front-end", "back-end" ],
      "min-nr-of-members": 3,
      "log-info": true
    }
  }    
}

Environment variables:

AKKA__ACTOR__TELEMETRY__ENABLE=true
AKKA__CLUSTER__SEED_NODES__0=akka.tcp//mySystem@localhost:4055
AKKA__CLUSTER__SEED_NODES__1=akka.tcp//mySystem@localhost:4056
AKKA__CLUSTER__SEED_NODE_TIMEOUT=00:00:05

Note the integer parseable key inside the seed-nodes configuration, seed-nodes will be parsed as an array. These environment variables will be parsed as HOCON settings:

akka {
  actor {
    telemetry.enabled: on
  }
  cluster {
    seed-nodes: [ 
      "akka.tcp//mySystem@localhost:4055",
      "akka.tcp//mySystem@localhost:4056" 
    ]
    seed-node-timeout: 5s
  }
}

Example code:

/*
Both appsettings.json and environment variables are combined
into HOCON configuration:

akka {
  actor.telemetry.enabled: on
  cluster {
    roles: [ "front-end", "back-end" ]
    seed-nodes: [ 
      "akka.tcp//mySystem@localhost:4055",
      "akka.tcp//mySystem@localhost:4056" 
    ]
    min-nr-of-members: 3
    seed-node-timeout: 5s
    log-info: true
  }
}
*/
var host = new HostBuilder()
    .ConfigureHostConfiguration(builder =>
    {
        // Setup IConfiguration to load from appsettings.json and
        // environment variables
        builder
            .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json")
            .AddEnvironmentVariables();
    })
    .ConfigureServices((context, services) =>
    {
        services.AddAkka("mySystem", (builder, provider) =>
            {
                // convert IConfiguration to HOCON
                var akkaConfig = context.Configuration.GetSection("akka");
                builder.AddHocon(akkaConfig, HoconAddMode.Prepend); 
            });
    });

Special Characters And Case Sensitivity

This advanced usage of the IConfiguration adapter is solely used for edge cases where HOCON key capitalization needs to be preserved, such as declaring serialization binding. Note that when you're using this feature, none of the keys are normalized, you will have to write all of your keys in a HOCON compatible way.

appsettings.json:

{
  "Logging": {
    "LogLevel": {
      "Default": "Information",
      "Microsoft.AspNetCore": "Warning"
    }
  },
  "AllowedHosts": "*",
  "akka": {
    "\"Key.With.Dots\"": "Key Value",
    "cluster": {
      "roles": [ "front-end", "back-end" ],
      "min-nr-of-members": 3,
      "log-info": true
    }
  }    
}

Note that "Key.With.Dots" needs to be inside escaped double quotes, this is a HOCON requirement that preserves the "." (period) inside HOCON property names.

Environment variables:

PS C:/> [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('akka__actor__telemetry__enabled', 'true')
PS C:/> [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('akka__actor__serialization_bindings__"System.Object"', 'hyperion')
PS C:/> [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('akka__cluster__seed_nodes__0', 'akka.tcp//mySystem@localhost:4055')
PS C:/> [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('akka__cluster__seed_nodes__1', 'akka.tcp//mySystem@localhost:4056')
PS C:/> [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('akka__cluster__seed_node_timeout', '00:00:05')

Note that:

1. All of the environment variable names are in lower case, except "System.Object" where it needs to preserve name capitalization.
2. To set serialization binding via environment variable, you have to use "." (period) instead of "__" (double underscore), this might be problematic for some shell scripts and there is no way of getting around this.

Example code:

/*
Both appsettings.json and environment variables are combined
into HOCON configuration:

akka {
  "Key.With.Dots": Key Value
  actor {
    telemetry.enabled: on
    serialization-bindings {
      "System.Object" = hyperion
    }
  }
  cluster {
    roles: [ "front-end", "back-end" ]
    seed-nodes: [ 
      "akka.tcp//mySystem@localhost:4055",
      "akka.tcp//mySystem@localhost:4056" 
    ]
    min-nr-of-members: 3
    seed-node-timeout: 5s
    log-info: true
  }
}
*/
var host = new HostBuilder()
    .ConfigureHostConfiguration(builder =>
    {
        // Setup IConfiguration to load from appsettings.json and
        // environment variables
        builder
            .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json")
            .AddEnvironmentVariables();
    })
    .ConfigureServices((context, services) =>
    {
        services.AddAkka("mySystem", (builder, provider) =>
            {
                // convert IConfiguration to HOCON
                var akkaConfig = context.Configuration.GetSection("akka");
                // Note the last method argument is set to false
                builder.AddHocon(akkaConfig, HoconAddMode.Prepend, false); 
            });
    });

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Microsoft.Extensions.Logging Integration

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Logger Configuration Support

You can use AkkaConfigurationBuilder extension method called ConfigureLoggers(Action<LoggerConfigBuilder>) to configure how Akka.NET logger behave.

Example:

builder.Services.AddAkka("MyActorSystem", configurationBuilder =>
{
    configurationBuilder
        .ConfigureLoggers(setup =>
        {
            // Example: This sets the minimum log level
            setup.LogLevel = LogLevel.DebugLevel;
            
            // Example: Clear all loggers
            setup.ClearLoggers();
            
            // Example: Add the default logger
            // NOTE: You can also use setup.AddLogger<DefaultLogger>();
            setup.AddDefaultLogger();
            
            // Example: Add the ILoggerFactory logger
            // NOTE:
            //   - You can also use setup.AddLogger<LoggerFactoryLogger>();
            //   - To use a specific ILoggerFactory instance, you can use setup.AddLoggerFactory(myILoggerFactory);
            setup.AddLoggerFactory();
            
            // Example: Adding a serilog logger
            setup.AddLogger<SerilogLogger>();
        })
        .WithActors((system, registry) =>
        {
            var echo = system.ActorOf(act =>
            {
                act.ReceiveAny((o, context) =>
                {
                    Logging.GetLogger(context.System, "echo").Info($"Actor received {o}");
                    context.Sender.Tell($"{context.Self} rcv {o}");
                });
            }, "echo");
            registry.TryRegister<Echo>(echo); // register for DI
        });
});

A complete code sample can be viewed here.

Exposed properties are:

• LogLevel: Configure the Akka.NET minimum log level filter, defaults to InfoLevel
• LogConfigOnStart: When set to true, Akka.NET will log the complete HOCON settings it is using at start up, this can then be used for debugging purposes.

Currently supported logger methods:

• ClearLoggers(): Clear all registered logger types.
• AddLogger<TLogger>(): Add a logger type by providing its class type.
• AddDefaultLogger(): Add the default Akka.NET console logger.
• AddLoggerFactory(): Add the new ILoggerFactory logger.

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Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.ILoggerFactory Logging Support

You can now use ILoggerFactory from Microsoft.Extensions.Logging as one of the sinks for Akka.NET logger. This logger will use the ILoggerFactory service set up inside the dependency injection ServiceProvider as its sink.

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Microsoft.Extensions.Logging Log Event Filtering

There will be two log event filters acting on the final log input, the Akka.NET akka.loglevel setting and the Microsoft.Extensions.Logging settings, make sure that both are set correctly or some log messages will be missing.

To set up the Microsoft.Extensions.Logging log filtering, you will need to edit the appsettings.json file. Note that we also set the Akka namespace to be filtered at debug level in the example below.

{
  "Logging": {
    "LogLevel": {
      "Default": "Information",
      "Microsoft": "Warning",
      "Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime": "Information",
      "Akka": "Debug"
    }
  }
}

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